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Natwest markets just rehired an RBS high yield sales veteran (again)

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Remember Richard Gathercole? If you’ve spent any time in the London high yield market, you really should. Gathercole (who’s LinkedIn profile photo is Auric Goldfinger from the eponymous Bond film) has been in the markets for 36 years, many of them at RBS. Now, he’s returning to his roots.

After leaving his last role at Mizuho in October 2017, Gathercole is understood to be joining Natwest Markets (formerly known as RBS) later this month as a director of high yield sales. For Gathercole, it’s a homecoming to a bank which appears to have shaped his career.

No one knows exactly how long Gathercole spent at RBS in the unrecorded days before the internet, but the FCA Register shows him working at the British bank in 2001 (when the FCA Register began) and leaving in 2002. He then rejoined in 2007 and left in 2009, before going on to work for Hoare Capital and Mizuho, at which he latterly spent nearly seven years.

Natwest Markets declined to comment on Gathercole’s return. He’s understood to be reporting to Sean Finnerty in leveraged finance. Finnerty himself has worked in the markets for a mere 14 years according to his FINRA registration, and may therefore want to defer to Gathercole’s superior experience – particularly in a cycle of rising rates. Headhunters suggest NatWest Markets may have picked up Gathercole cheaply as he’d been on the beach for nine months, and counting.

Gathercole’s return follows various big hires to RBS’s London fixed income business last year. There have also been exits however: James Konrad,  Robbie Anderson, Ian Walker and Biagio Lapolla all left the European government bond desk last month, with many of them now understood to be joining Nomura.

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The hiring process at banks could soon become a nightmare

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Getting a job at a bulge-bracket bank is already a battle of wills. You’ll need the proper network, resume and people skills to earn an offer, after which you’ll have to dance through red tape from HR, including background, credit and employment verification checks as well as a drug test, more than likely. But if a global financial regulator (of sorts) has its way, the hiring process may soon feel more like a proctology exam.

Buried in the latest 70-page report from the global Financial Stability Board (FSB) are a number of rather specific recommendations surrounding the hiring process at banks that could create equal headaches for managers, candidates and human resources.

The FSB, tasked with monitoring the global financial system and making recommendations to regulators, is asking banks to consider conducting interviews with candidates that are separate from traditional sit-downs with hiring managers. Instead, they would be strict behavioral assessments that focus on previous conduct as well as hypothetical situations aimed at spotting potential red flags.

Admittedly, many of these types of questions are already being asked, but by hiring managers. The FSB guidelines call for having candidates respond to hypothetical ethical dilemmas from “trained observers” as well as employees who work in control functions, which may “send a signal” to candidates from the outset on the importance of risk and compliance. But control staffers would hold more than just a ceremonial role in the interview process. “Members of control functions could also provide an employer with an alternative view on the suitability of a candidate for a position,” the authors wrote. The potential involvement of organizational and behavioral psychologists was later mentioned.

Another recommendation includes the creation of more comprehensive databases on financial services professionals where firms could share information on past employees. The FSB also promotes conducting exit interviews with outgoing employees and maintaining records of those conversations that could be later viewed by competing banks.

Perhaps the most eye-opening suggestion is to have financial firms redo background checks on current employees at certain career milestones. The examples the FSB give are three months and one year following a hire, as well as when employees are promoted and even when they make lateral moves within the company. Banks may also want to routinely review voice recordings of client interactions and mine information from employees’ social media posts, according to the FSB.

Quite how this Big Brother-like behavior would sit globally with EU data protection legislation isn’t clear, but to some extent it has already been happening. Barclays, for example, installed heat and motion detecting sensors below bankers’ desks to see how much time they spend at their post. Other banks have at least tested predictive analytics software to identify whether employees are exhibiting odd behavior. Now, hiring managers may soon need to get the sign-off from a behavioral psychologist and a social media expert to make a senior hire.

It’s important to note that the FSB isn’t technically a regulator as it can’t impose mandates. It simply monitors the global financial system and makes recommendations to authorities and banks based on its research. Still, the FSB is chaired by Bank of England Governor Mark Carney and was once called one of the “four pillars” of global economic governance by former U.S. Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner, so it wields considerable power behind the scenes.

The bulk of the FSB report focused on the importance of assigning personal accountability to senior bankers to help prevent employee misconduct – a point that largely overshadowed some of the recruitment recommendations.


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Morning Coffee: Proof Goldman hires the best students, even if they’re not great employees. MD exonerated from touching intern

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You need to be academically excellent to get into Goldman Sachs. Whenever we’ve looked at the sorts of students who make it through Goldman‘s recruitment process they seem to have both exceptional grades and a list of prizes to their names. This is hardly surprising: with over 220,000 people applying for what are thought to be little more than 4,000 positions, academic achievement is a clear differentiator.

Fabrice Tourre seems to be one of these academically gifted sorts. After studying at the Parisian college Lycée Henri IV, followed by the elite prep school Lycée Louis le Grand, which also educated Jean Paul Sartre and countless French bankers, he went to  prestigious École Central to read mathematics. Then he went to Stanford and studied a masters in management and engineering. Then he joined Goldman Sachs.

You might remember that Tourre’s time at Goldman Sachs wasn’t exactly shrouded in glory. Yes, he had a $4k a month apartment on New York’s 10th Avenue. Yes, he became a vice president and then an executive director (the latter in London, where he asked for a 20% rent cut to reflect the falling housing market), but Fabrice Tourre will mostly be remembered for being found guilty on six out of seven counts of mortgage fraud relating to the financial crisis and for writing that note to a girlfriend of the time (“More and more leverage in the system, The whole building is about to collapse anytime now! Only potential survivor, the fabulous Fab standing in the middle of all these complex, highly leveraged, exotic trades he created without necessarily understanding all of the implications of those monstrosities!!!”)

Five years on from the court case, and aged nearly 40, Tourre is undoubtedly a changed man. But he’s still the same impeccable student. And this academic brilliance seems to have been the foundation of a new career. The Wall Street Journal reports that Tourre has a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Chicago and is conducting postdoctoral research at Northwestern University. He’s also a teaching assistant for a course on asset pricing.

“The reason I picked him up [to be a teaching assistant] was because he was the top student when I taught the course the previous year,” says the professor on the course. “As a TA, you want to be empathetic and help the students, and he did that very well.” In this sense Tourre sounds like the model Goldmanite: excellent academics and an emotionally intelligent team player.  What went wrong?

Separately, following last week’s allegations that an MD at a well known bank behaved inappropriately towards an intern, the bank says it’s investigated and found the claims to be unsubstantiated. 

Meanwhile:

Sean Hodson, a former bank trader who joined various hedge funds, has reappeared as head of U.S. government bond trading at Citi. (Financial News) 

Barclays is moving 40 to 50 London investment banking jobs to Frankfurt (Guardian). 

Donald Trump’s plan to ban spouses of high-skill visa holders from working will likely push 100,000 people out of jobs. (Bloomberg) 

Earn £1k a day as a “chief feminism officer” (Interim.Team)

Top lawyer at Morgan Stanley would like you to get involved with his very own political party. (Bloomberg) 

Goldman Sachs no longer thinks the UK will win the World Cup. (Business Insider)

Have a confidential story, tip, or comment you’d like to share? Contact: sbutcher@efinancialcareers.com
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Goldman Sachs hired Barclays’ head of rates trading as an MD level strat

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Goldman Sachs is all about strats. Current CEO Lloyd Blankfein underscored the bank’s emphasis on quantitative strategists or “strats” in a presentation in February. Soon-to-be CEO David Solomon spoke about Goldman’s emphasis on quants and technologists in his own presentation in June. Other banks have been busy copying Goldman Sachs’ strats model. So, why would you want to be a mere trader nowadays when you could reinvent yourself at the highest level in the hottest role in the industry?

This may have been the thought process of Hamza Houdy, the former head of European rates and options trading at Barclays. As of this month, Houdy is no longer a trader: he is a managing director in Goldman Sachs macro strats team in London.

Goldman didn’t respond to a request to comment on Houdy’s arrival, but it’s a significant move both for Houdy and the firm.

Houdy himself studied the infamous DEA with Statistics course in Paris before becoming an equity derivatives quant at Calyon and then moving into rates trading. He’s therefore well placed to become the sort of macro strat who might be found sitting on a trading desk, creating quantitative pricing models and insights into market behaviour. At Barclays, he was working on new pricing formulas for swaptions. 

Goldman Sachs, meanwhile, is building its strats team under Thalia Chryssikou, its London-based co-head of global sales strats and structuring across FICC and equities, and a former head of EMEA interest rates sales. In a post on Goldman’s own website, Chryssikou said in January that the firm is hiring a new generation of strats to apply artificial intelligence and machine learning to gain business insights. Chryssikou added that Goldman was as interested in experienced hires as hiring people out of college. Houdy appears to fall into the former category.

Goldman’s rates traders have a history of becoming interested in machine learning. David Ha, the bank’s former head of Japanese rates trading, is now a research scientist at Google Brain.

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Want a huge salary in financial services? Work at this regulator

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Getting paid well in finance can often come down to timing. Bonuses and deferred compensation are weighted heavily and often vary significantly over long stretches due to factors unrelated to personal performance. Want to avoid becoming a slave to your bonus? Work at a regulator like FINRA that pays out big salaries and bonuses that bend but don’t break.

While authorized by Congress, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority is a private non-profit that is not part of the government – a key distinction that enables FINRA, which oversees broker-dealers and exchange markets that pay it membership fees, to have more autonomy over compensation than other regulators. The end result: the average FINRA employee took home roughly $193k in pay in 2017, with several of its top execs netting over seven-figures, according to its latest annual report.

CEO Robert Cook is earning a $1 million salary for 2018 and was paid $1.35 million in incentivized comp in March for his work the previous year. That $2.35 million total will likely increase once deferrals and other compensation like multi-year retention payments are accounted for. Those payments netted Cook an additional $440k last year. As a point of reference, Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen makes just over $200k.

Meanwhile, Finra CFO Todd Diganci has a $600k salary; CIO Steven Randich and chief legal officer Robert Colby each make $500k; and six executive vice presidents earn base salaries of between $365k and $450k.

Cook announced a freeze on salary increases in 2017 that continued into 2018 following a 6% drop in revenue and another round of public scrutiny over executive pay. (Finra was heavily criticized in 2011 after acknowledging paying its now-former public relations head over $1 million the previous year). Compensation costs dropped by 7% in 2017, but there were no wild swings in incentivized comp like you’d see at a bank. And no executive took a salary cut.

All top execs other than Cook earned a bonus that fell within 12% of what they made the year previous. (Cook declined his bonus for 2016). While incentivized comp was down, top executives still took home bonuses that neared 100% of their base salaries, with deferred compensation and other benefits adding another $100k to $270k. Despite the recent changes, around two-thirds of Finra expenses are still earmarked for employee compensation and benefits – a number that dwarfs comp ratios at most every financial institution.

The reason is that Finra uses investment management and securities firms as benchmarks for its own pay policies. The organization said in its annual report that the philosophy is critical to recruitment and employee retention. Clearly, the policy is working. Finra’s ability to retain top-level talent is eye-opening, particularly in light of the current salary freeze.

Diganci has been with the organization since 1995, before it was even known as Finra. Thomas Gira, who oversees Finra’s market regulation department, joined in 1992, while fellow VP Cameron Funkhouser started in 1984. At least half of Finra’s top execs have been with the organization for over a decade. Meanwhile, other regulators constantly complain about being chronically understaffed due to employee churn.

Interestingly, only one of the highest-paid executives has experience working at firm with an investment presence. Randich was the former co-CIO at Citigroup. The best avenue toward employment with Finra seems to be through exchanges and law firms, though it clearly isn’t afraid to hire juniors and promote from within.


Have a confidential story, tip, or comment you’d like to share? Contact: btuttle@efinancialcareers.com
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MiFID II saved me from a life of drunken debauchery

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Thank goodness for MiFID II. The new regulations may be causing problems for some salespeople who can no longer persuade potential clients to even pick up the phone for fear of being charged, but they’ve also delivered a big advantage: the relentless cycle of client entertainment is fizzling out.

MiFID II comes with some strict rules on inducements. These followed the UK Financial Conduct Authority’s own restrictions on entertainment that doesn’t directly enhance the quality of service provided to clients. In combination, these two developments would always have made client entertainment less important than it in the past. However, the real blow has been MiFID II’s stipulation that trades must be executed in the most efficient way possible. It’s no longer possible to give business to a broker just because he or she entertained you the night before. And it’s therefore no longer worthwhile for brokers like me to bust their livers drinking with clients until 3am.

This is a good thing. Client entertainment can be both messy and exhausting. Restraint is often not an option: I have known head traders give business to brokers who injured themselves and ended up in an ambulance. This is bonding, at an intense level.

It’s bad for your health. In my career, the typical evening with clients began in a steakhouse, sushi or fusion-food restaurant and progressed to a bar or club in the City or Mayfair. Nights were long and the calorific intake was huge. Try staying healthy when you’re up until the early morning eating and drinking, and then sitting at your desk again for 10 hours from 6.30am.

There were times I didn’t go home. When you’re out late and you need to be in early, it can make no sense to commute back to London’s zone three. I have slept at work rather than waste valuable hours in a taxi: if you wake up at 5.30am you can go to the gym and shower before everyone else arrives. It’s not ideal, but it can be preferable to getting no sleep and no exercise.

Thanks to MiFID II, this is all in the past. I would like to compliment the regulators on rescuing my health and giving me my evenings back – and so would my family.

Bruno Beauvais is a pseudonym

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It’s a bad year to work in emerging markets as Nomura lays off traders

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First Deutsche Bank. And now Nomura. 2018 isn’t turning out to be a good year to work on an emerging markets desk.

Following the exit of David Ishoo, whom Nomura hired from Goldman Sachs in March 2017 as head of CEEMEA credit sales, we understand that Nomura has now cut the roles of  Waleed Haram and Jallal Koubiati, two long-serving emerging market credit traders who’d been with the bank for eight years and seven years respectively. Nomura declined to comment on the exits. The two men are understood to be at risk and still Nomura employees.

The cuts follow last month’s ejection of Fred Jallot, Nomura’s global head of credit and asset-backed securities in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, plus various other recently hired credit staff. They also follow cuts to Deutsche Bank’s emerging markets credit trading team. 

Revenues in Nomura’s fixed income business rose 14% year-on-year in the most recent reported quarter, thanks to what the bank described as improvements in both rates and credit. However, the exits come after Nomura’s own credit strategists have warned against a rout in emerging markets bonds as borrowing costs rise and the dollar rallies.

Nomura made a big push into emerging markets in 2016 and 2017. Now it seems to be pruning the team back again. Not everyone’s left: Gokhan Buyuksarac, the top trader whom Nomura hired from Goldman last year and who heads the emerging markets trading desk is still in his seat, suggesting recent exits may simply be a culling of pre-existing staff.

Have a confidential story, tip, or comment you’d like to share? Contact: sbutcher@efinancialcareers.com
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Bank of America loses senior quant to bigger role at TD Securities

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Bank of America has lost its head of rates analytics to TD Securities. Andrew Gunstensen was hired by the Canadian investment bank as its global head of FICC quantitative modeling and analytics. He’s working out of New York as a managing director.

Gunstensen spent more than a decade at Bank of America supporting their rates trading desks, analyzing and providing pricing on swaps, options, exotics, governments, futures, clearing and repo. At TD Securities, his team will cover rates, fx, credit, commodities and e-trading, according to LinkedIn.

While technically not a homecoming as he’s based out of New York, Gunstensen earned his B.A. from the University of Toronto before getting his PhD from MIT. Prior to Bank of America, Gunstensen spent 15 years at Morgan Stanley covering rates analytics as an MD. He also did some moonlighting as an adjunct professor at NYU for a few years teaching an interest rate modeling course.

This is at least the second big-name veteran Bank of America has lost in the last month. Jeffrey Porphy also left the firm in June to launch Capital One’s first-ever M&A advisory team in New York. It also lost a senior salesperson to Goldman Sachs in May. Across the pond, Bank of America has seen a deluge of exits from its European equity derivatives business.

TD Bank didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment on Gunstensen’s hire.


Have a confidential story, tip, or comment you’d like to share? Contact: btuttle@efinancialcareers.com
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Disgruntlement at Barclays as old guard said to resent influx of new staff

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Barclays has been doing a lot of hiring. So far this year, the UK bank has added at least nine managing directors to its investment banking division in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Last year, it recruited 40 managing directors and directors across its investment bank globally. Significant new hires are still being announced on an almost weekly basis as Tim Throsby, CEO of Barclays’ investment bank and Jes Staley, CEO of Barclays group, pursue their strategy of making Barclays’ investment bank great again. 

But amidst all the happy hiring, there are signs of insurgency. Headhunters suggest that Barclays’ staff, particularly in the U.S., are resentful of the newcomers whom they suspect of arriving on inflated packages and of rewarding anyone they themselves recruit in a vein of equal generosity. “The old guard are super-p*ssed,” says one U.S. fixed income headhunter. “It’s not a happy place right now.”

Barclays declined to comment for this article, and it might be argued that headhunters simply like to stir discontent in order to pick-off top staff. However, some Barclays insiders agree with the prognosis. “There’s a different culture at Barclays now,” says one London managing director. “People are coming in on really huge packages and not many seem to be generating the returns that were expected. It’s a bit like being part of the AA [Automobile Association] – if you’re a new member you get a special deal, while everyone who’s been around for a while misses out.”

Who are the new guard? In the U.S. you might want to be in with Chris Leonard, the head of rates trading who joined in June last year after spending around 12 years in self-employment running his own hedge funds. There’s also Eric Childs, the head of U.S. macro swaps trading, who joined in September last year after four years at BlueCrest, and Michael Lubinksy, the former RBS trader who joined last year via hedge fund Brevan Howard. As if to confirm suspicions of Barclays’ generosity, Lubinsky spent $5.5m on a beachfront home shortly after joining the bank. Both Childs and Leonard previously worked for J.P. Morgan, along with Throsby and Staley.

In London, traders say the new turks are a clique of senior people who live in and around St. John’s Wood (“The St. John’s Wood mafia,” says one.). They include Adeel Khan, a long-serving Barclays credit trader who has thrived under Throsby and was appointed global head of credit last September. There’s also Sharut Kalra, who joined from Goldman Sachs last year, and Asita Anche, the head of systematic market making who joined from Goldman Sachs last July. In equities, there’s Stephen Dainton and Nas Al-khudairi, both from Credit Suisse.  “It’s no longer about performance. You have to be in with them – you have to kiss the ring,” complains the disaffected MD.

It probably doesn’t help that there have been layoffs alongside the recruitment. 100 Barclays’ managing directors and directors lost their jobs at the start of the year. There have been subsequent cuts to electronic sales and execution and to credit.  There have also been voluntary exits, such as that of Hamza Hoummady to Goldman Sachs, and those gaps need to be filled – often at a premium to the rest of the market. “We have to pay more to get good people,” complains the MD. “- Everyone can see that the U.S. banks are increasingly dominant. Their home turf pays real money in fees, while in Europe it feels like a race to the bottom.”

Plenty of people at Barclays are happy, however. – When we ran our recent compensation satisfaction survey, people at the British bank were comparatively very contented with their pay, at least. Some insiders point to a refreshing commitment to the investment bank and markets business under Throsby and Staley after years of neglect under Antony Jenkins. Barclays’ first quarter results were good, particularly in equities, suggesting all the investment in new hires has been worthwhile.

Another longserving London MD says claims of disgruntlement are overdone: “You always get some complaints with new hires – it depends who you speak to. In general morale is fine right now and there’s not much grumbling. It helps that we got a fair few expensive people out the door at the start of this year.”

Have a confidential story, tip, or comment you’d like to share? Contact: sbutcher@efinancialcareers.com
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Morning Coffee: Nomura’s latest expansion goes into reverse with mass layoffs. Should investment bankers respect their elders?

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“Here For A Good Time, Not For A Long Time”. The recent announcement that 50 posts at Nomura have been put at risk should remind us that the old T-shirt slogan can apply to markets jobs as well as to bikers and spring break students. It appears that some of the names on the list to be laid off include senior traders who were recruited comparatively recently. Omar Ghalloudi, for example, was only hired in 2017 (from Citigroup, where he was head of investment grade trading). He’s not the only recent hire from Citi to be leaving, either – Fred Jallot left in June, after having his role reduced from “EMEA head of global markets” to “head of credit and ABS” after less than a year.

When senior hires don’t last long, it’s not always a sign of anything deep seated – sometimes people’s faces just don’t fit, or their personal style fails to find a way to work with a new institutional culture. Nomura also had of a reputation for paying very well for people that it decided it really wanted (it even showed up in an Emolument survey as the best paying bank in London), and typically that sort of deal comes with some ambitious targets attached to it. If someone isn’t happy in a role, or if the franchise isn’t developing in the way that was envisaged, it’s often a lot better for all concerned to chalk it up to experience and part ways once more, rather than struggle on in denial.

That said, the turnarounds at Nomura have been quite noticeable. After building an equities business in the years to 2015, the Japanese bank pulled out of equities in 2016. It then built a proprietary trading operation, which subsequently closed down its proprietary trading operation. 2017 was all about emerging markets hiring, but the latest cuts include staff from the emerging markets desk along with some of their peers.

The fundamental problem Nomura appears to have had in London is that it wasn’t making money, which is always bad for employment prospects. The prop desk was closed down after some large losses, while the overall fixed income trading operation did not seem to be generating the revenues it needed to cover its cost base. There are also suggestions of surprise losses and compliance issues, all of which might have stood out when top management back in Tokyo were looking at half-year budgets.

Does this mean that Nomura was wrong to make so many expensive hires, or that people were wrong to join? Not really. Like everything else in markets jobs, it’s a risk versus return calculation. Joining an ambitious foreign player from a seat in a bulge bracket firm is always a decision that people make with their eyes open – if it goes well, you can get very rich and leapfrog a few steps up the promotion ladder. If it doesn’t, then in the modern world of investment banking you can no longer expect the overseas office to keep paying the bills. There will always be people willing to take the risk, simply because, as that t-shirt slogan reminds us, sometimes there are more interesting things in the world than career longevity.

Separately, in the more genteel world of investment banking, Javier Oficialdegui at UBS is looking out for 40-to-50-year old bankers, with continuity and relationships built up over the course of a career. The head of European investment banking thinks that these grey heads are undervalued in the industry , relative to energetic younger bankers. His strategy, according to his interview with Financial News, is to keep the older guys making deals, rather than putting them on a path into managing teams. In this way, UBS aims to compensate for the fact that it’s no longer able to bring a balance sheet.

Jefferies, for its part, conveys a similar message in a recent all-staff letter, but in a characteristically American way. At first glance, “Please Disrespect Your Senior Management Team” looks like a call to disruptive behaviour and valuing the exuberance of youth. But on reading the letter in detail, CEO Rich Handler is asking younger employees to “disrespect” the management by asking their advice and involving them in deals, rather than holding back from doing so out of concern for time and seniority. The common theme seems to be that, as Jeffries says, “You need to stay engaged in the trenches regardless of your length of service, history of success or job title”.

Meanwhile:

Karen Miles has been promoted to head of European high yield strategy at Credit Suisse. (Financial News)

UBS has created a 3D scan of its chief economist and linked it to a database of things he might say, to create a “digital avatar”. (AFR)

Panos Stergiou becomes head of institutional clients at Deutsche Bank fixed income, as part of a series of promotions. (Financial News)

Citigroup, possibly acting on the advice of Sherlock Holmes, say that traders are distracted during World Cup matches. (Financial Times)

The senior banker fired from BoA after #MeToo allegations is fighting back, suing for defamation and for his bonus. (CNBC)

Participation in some telecoms and media megadeals has pushed Robey Warshaw to the top of the M&A league tables, despite it being a boutique with only three partners. (Business Insider)

Everyone’s moving out of London. (Financial Times)

SocGen buys some commodity and equity trading businesses from Commerzbank, but not the cash equities brokerage. (Reuters, background in Les Echos)

App developers apparently have access to your Gmail account. (WSJ)

Bridgewater and Winton have registered to sell funds in China – this is a use-it-or-lose it authorisation which requires them to do something within six months. (Reuters)

Uday Furtado, a co-head of Southeast Asia at Goldman Sachs, has left for an ECM role at Citi. (Reuters)

Image credit: Herianus, Getty

The new hot profile in London banking: anyone who’s willing to do this

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The word is starting to go out. As March 2019 draws nearer and there’s still no clarity on the likely Brexit deal or on the extension of the transition period, banks are starting to review their contingency plans. Some London staff are being moved to Europe this summer. More will follow.

“Banks are beginning to have conversations with people on their trading desks as they seek to establish who might be open to a European move if necessary,” says Christian Robbins at Tradestone Search. “It’s still early days, but people are being asked to flag their willingness to go to Paris or Frankfurt.”

At some banks, small moves have begun already. Goldman Sachs has already declared its intention of shifting “tens” of staff to Paris in the next two months. After announcing last week that its global head of fixed income currencies and commodities sales is relocating to the French city,  Bank of America is widely expected to begin shunting fixed income salespeople to the French capital soon.

Internal transfers are complicated. The pay differential between London and Europe means U.S. banks are often keen to avoid them and to grow their new European teams by hiring afresh in local markets. Goldman Sachs, for example, has built its Paris equity derivatives team with people like Guillaume Paulhac, who joined last December after leaving London 12 months previously – he was in Paris already.

However, there’s also an awareness that front office sales and trading talent in continental Europe will be hard to come by. Hence the internal moves. And hence some early mapping of employees at rival firms who might be willing to migrate from London for the right deal.

“We have already been asked to look for good salespeople in London who would be interested in moving to Europe,” says Kumaran Surenthirathas at Rosehill Search. “Most banks are initially exploring moving people internally. But if existing staff don’t want to go, then we will be engaged to look for replacements on a case by case basis.”

The upshot is that anyone in London who expresses a willingness to emigrate to continental Europe could soon find themselves popular with both their current employer and with rival banks courting their favour. “If you are willing to move, you stand to be in high demand,” says Surenthirathas.

It helps that not everyone wants to go, even if they’re French or German by birth. “My preference is to stay in London,” says one senior German equities trader, speaking on condition of anonymity. A German bond trader notes that moving to Frankfurt has traditionally been a career risk: “The most senior guys have always sat in London, and this has made it difficult to get ahead in Germany.”

As Brexit-moves pick up in pace, this could change. Already, there are signs that banks like Goldman Sachs are offering extra responsibility to London bankers who move to Frankfurt to build German-based teams. The historic dearth of managing directors at U.S. banks in European financial centres could work to early movers’ advantage: banks may promote quickly to fill gaps at the top of local hierarchies.

One London headhunter predicts that big titles will become a way to justify giving new arrivals from London more money than employees already in situ: “You can’t have a regional salesperson in Paris earning €120k base and then bring in someone from London on €180k base without giving the London person a bigger role to justify the discrepancy.”

Willingness to move to Paris, Frankfurt or Dublin could therefore become a way to secure a better job, with a bigger title, stronger promotion prospects, and at least equal pay. With school summer holidays in London about to begin, London bankers with families have reason to move soon. Their children may be less enamoured of the move though: Frankfurt school holidays began at the end of June; term starts again on August 15th. 

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BNP Paribas lost one of its top emerging markets salespeople

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Another day, another big move in emerging markets. As strategists at Bank of America warn of the potential for a correction as investors withdraw money that poured into emerging markets over the past two years, job moves in the sector seem to be speeding up.

In the wake of yesterday’s emerging markets layoffs at Nomura, BNP Paribas is understood to have lost Mary Egundebi, one of its top emerging markets salespeople in London. Egundebi had been with the French bank after joining from Barclays Capital in 2013. She is understood to be joining Standard Chartered, although this is not confirmed.

Egundebi’s exit comes as some banks are understood to be losing money on emerging markets desks, and staff are therefore fearful of poor pay at the end of the year. BNP Paribas built its London emerging markets desk last year with hires like Shokat Khan, who came from Cantor Fitzgerald, and Iftikhar Ali, who came from hedge fund Rhodium Capital Management.

Eyebrows have been raised at Egundebi’s alleged choice of Standard Chartered as a port in the storm. Insiders say that Matthew Dunker, an emerging markets trader hired in January 2017 from J.P. Morgan, has recently left, along with Paul Savini, the bank’s global head of credit trading in Hong Kong. Standard Chartered didn’t immediately respond to a request on the exits, but Savini is no longer listed as an employee and Dunker did not pick up his phone when we called.

While some banks are pruning emerging markets teams, others are hiring. Citi, for example, announced the hire of Michele Ferrulli from BAML in May. Ferruli is joining as managing director and Head of CEEMEA sales and sales trading.

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“Technologists in banks are lazy. They should be paid less, not more”

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I’m in the wrong job. As a sales-trader in a bank I’m continuously told that my skills are on the way out. No one wants a human to read the markets any more. Everyone wants technologists – for some reason called engineers – who can write code to do the job instead. These engineers like to complain they’re not being paid enough. “How come front office people are still paid more than engineers?”, asked one on this site last week. Maybe it’s because we work a lot harder than you?

I work 12 hours a day. I’m in the office by 6.30am to establish what happened in Asia overnight and to prepare for the day. When markets close at 4.30pm I stay around to talk to clients and review what happened. This is not a nine-to-five job.

I also work fast. In my job, things are done with a sense or urgency. I am not proud of being in a hurry all the time, but it’s inherent in working on a trading floor. Markets move quickly.

In the technology team, I see a diametrically opposite approach. Our technologists arrive two hours later than me and they leave at least half an hour earlier. Their days are passed at a leisurely pace with a lot of surfing the internet. They’re always, “busy”, but there’s a lot of busy doing nothing. It’s like they have a different concept of time: one in which things are very slow.

The most surprising thing is that the bank seems to support them in this. While we’re being made to work faster to justify our existence, the tech team gets to wear hoodies and book tickets to music festivals on the company time. Management treats them like children: at J.P. Morgan they even get to draw on the furniture. 

What’s worst, though, is their superiority. If you work in technology, you are cool. If you work in trading, you are not. A lot of these people seem to consider themselves overqualified for the jobs they’re doing here. Either that, or they just don’t like working because I see little sign of self-discipline or enthusiasm.

So, no – let’s not pay them more. Let’s pay them less and only reward them for their results. This is how it was in trading for years. If they don’t like it, they can try their luck at the Googles and Palantirs that probably won’t hire them anyway. And if they do like it, they can work harder and longer so that they deliver. Maybe they’ll start turning up 6.30am too? Then they can start talking about equal pay.

Cyril Lebrun is a pseudonym

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Morning Coffee: The art of making millions when you work in M&A. Ongoing rumblings about recent bonuses at Goldman Sachs

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Some M&A bankers are having a busy 2018. In Europe, the Middle East and Africa, the value of M&A deals was up 50% on 2017 in the first half of the year, helped along by big deals like Bayer’s $66.3bn acquisition of Monsanto.

When you work in M&A, big deals don’t necessarily translate to big fees. While deals were up 50%, M&A fees were up only 18% and Dealogic says banks’ EMEA M&A revenues were up only 5%. Something got lost in translation.

In an article on the nature of the M&A profession, the Financial Times observes that M&A fees are tiny as a proportion of deal value and that the final payment for the deal covers long years of hand-holding ahead of it. ‘The average fee for selling a company worth between $10bn and $25bn is about 0.3%, and can cover years of unpaid work,” says the FT. This isn’t to say M&A bankers aren’t doing ok: in the case of Fox’s planned $71bn asset sale to Walt Disney, Goldman Sachs bankers alone earned fees of $58m. Not bad for a bit of advice.

How is that M&A fees haven’t been squeezed lower? Blame the febrile atmosphere in which M&A deals take place. The FT quotes a banker who says he and his contemporaries are like surgeons wheeling patients onto the operating table: the patient needs the best possible treatment and is in no position to quibble on fees. It helps too that the fees are paid with other people’s money – the acquiring company covers them in the asking price, and a few million is usually inconsequential.

How is it too that M&A roles haven’t been split into routine tasks and automated away? While this is happening with pitch-books and valuations at the junior end, the FT notes that senior bankers have a human factor that’s worth millions in the fraught conditions of a billion dollar company sale: ‘The senior banker’s tone of voice conveys a mixture of financial advice, human judgment and comfort.’

If you work in M&A – more than any other area of banking – you therefore need to stick around for the long term. Only as an MD are you really adding value, and only as an MD will you therefore get paid really big money. And at this point, you might want to make the most of your accumulated assets. “The boutiques are full of guys cashing in at the end of their careers,” one M&A banker tells the FT. It helps that leading boutiques like Robey Warshaw charge the same fees as banks, but with a far lower cost base. Some M&A bankers in big banks get a bit “sniffy” about this. Others are happy to see their counterparts monetizing their assets at ‘advisory kiosks’: “They get a bit of a free ride,” the big bank M&A banker says.

Separately, last year’s bonuses at Goldman Sachs continue to cause problems. Following various exits from the London rates and equity derivatives teams, in which poor bonuses were held partly to blame, Zerohedge says recent modest bonuses also precipitated exits from Goldman’s high yield desk. One of those to quit was Sam Berberian, a 32 year-old high yield trader who’s gone to run junk bond trading at Citi. It’s not clear whether Berberian’s exit was impelled by his bonus or the prospect of a bigger title elsewhere.

Meanwhile:

High humidity is slowing high speed trading in New York by impeding radio transmissions among three New Jersey data centers. It’s taking 8 microseconds longer to send information from Nasdaq’s facility in Carteret to the New York Stock Exchange. (Bloomberg)  

To the extent that Bob Diamond’s Barclays had shared values, they were based around the pursuit of bonuses. (Financial Times) 

James Boyle, Deutsche Bank’s head of Asian equities, resigned two years after joining from Citigroup. (Bloomberg) 

More than 100 banks in the UK use passporting to operate in Europe, but only 20 have applied for a license to operate in the EU after Brexit. (Bloomberg) 

UBS did nothing to support its junior trader in his recent LIBOR fixing trial – he had to fund his defence with profits from his burger restaurant. (Financial Times) 

Hedge funds Bridgewater and Winton are opening in China. (Financial News)

Drinking eight cups of coffee a day may help you live longer. (CNBC) 

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Credit Suisse lost a top quant, a year after giving him a big promotion

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Promotions don’t seem to count for as much as they used to in investment banks. Managing directors promoted last November have been leaving Goldman Sachs, and now one of Credit Suisse’s top equity derivatives structurers in Europe says he’s resigned after receiving a big promotion a year ago.

Walter Cegarra says he resigned from Credit Suisse sometime in the past week. He worked for the bank for nine years after joining from Lehman Brothers in 2009. Cegarra didn’t respond to an inquiry about his exit.

Cegarra was promoted to MD at Credit Suisse in 2012 when he was head of EMEA product management origination for flow-linked products. In May 2017, he was promoted again to global head of quantitative investment strategies (QIS) structuring within Credit Suisse’s investment banking global markets solutions business. As such, he was responsible for all the Swiss bank’s cross-asset dynamic investment strategies, including fund derivatives, algos and quantitative investment strategies.

It’s not clear what Cegarra intends to do next, but his exit comes at a time when various banks are building both their equity derivatives and algo trading teams. Morgan Stanley, for example, poached two of Deutsche Bank’s most senior London equity derivatives professionals in June.

Credit Suisse has been building out its equity derivatives team under global head of equities Mike Stewart. In May, the bank appointed Anthony Abenante, whom it hired from KCG in 2017, as head of a new execution services unit combining program trading and electronic trading. CS has also suffered big losses from its equities team, though: Nas Al-khudairi, the popular head of electronic products, left in September 2017 and is now building the electronic equities business at Barclays.

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The highest paying internships at investment banks in New York and London

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Facing stiff competition from thriving tech companies, many investment banks have had to open up their purse strings to land top-level interns. This is particularly true in the U.S., where Silicon Valley looms large. Wall Street firms are paying a premium for interns this year. Investment banks in London haven’t felt the need to do the same.

We went to Glassdoor to compare current salaries for summer analyst interns working in investment banking divisions (IBD) at 15 of the largest banks in New York and London. These are full-time summer analysts who are likely working 80-100 hours a week; we disregarded sophomore university students who may be paid hourly as well as interns who work in non-IBD divisions like technology and wealth management who tend to earn much less.

Looking at the numbers below, the most obvious narrative is that the difference in pay between banks in New York and London may be as wide as its ever been, even when taking into account the devaluing of the pound. Banks in New York simply don’t have much choice. Tech companies like Google and Facebook pay interns prorated salaries that top out at around $88k while offering way more perks and a better work-life balance. Many banks in New York have increased intern salaries to be on par with Silicon Valley.

In fact, it almost seems as if they came together and agreed upon a number. Seven of the 15 banks pay the average New York summer analyst roughly $85k, including all three domestic names you’d expect: Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan and Morgan Stanley. The surprise at the top is Deutsche Bank considering its recent decision to cut 1,000 jobs in the U.S., but offers were likely made before Deutsche announced its new strategy. Besides, cutting off the intern pipeline is a rare cost-saving measure.

Over in London, intern salaries are depressed by around 25% compared to their counterparts in New York. Big payers in the U.S. like Goldman Sachs and Credit Suisse are taking a more measured approach in London. Both banks also finished in the bottom-third when we did this exercise a year ago. Deutsche Bank and homegrown Barclays again led the way alongside RBC Capital Markets.

One note of possible interest: banks tend to advertise pay for summer analysts as prorated annual salaries rather than breaking out a lump sum for the full 10 weeks. It’s a more impressive sounding number and acts as a good starting point for potential full-time offers. But when you break the numbers down, summer analysts at top-paying New York banks will only make around $2.5k more during their internship than those at the worst-paying Wall Street banks. While that likely sounds like a lot of money to a student, it amounts to a drop in the bucket once their banking career gets started.

Source: Glassdoor

Source: Glassdoor


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“Central risk desks are getting out of control”

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So you thought banks had stopped prop trading after the Volcker Rule?

You were wrong.

Big banks can always find away around regulation and for the moment – even while the Volcker Rule is being weakened – they’re doing this via their central risk desks. Don’t be fooled by the word “risk” in the name: a lot of these are actually prop trading desks.

Many are staffed with former star prop traders. These are people who know all about regulation and its circumvention. There are banks out there with huge central risk books – far bigger than you would have thought the case, and these books are quietly being used by the traders who run them to trade prop.

The secret behind central risk desks is client flow data. As the nexus of client activity, the desks have a high level of visibility across the market. They’re not supposed to trade against that data – and many are explicitly forbidden from doing so, but these are traders. They will argue that they need the data for purely analytical purposes (maybe in a “strategy group”) and yet quietly use it to trade against anyway.

I’ve seen it happen. Because central risk desks are automated trading teams, it’s possible for them to analyze the client data they have access to and to incorporate the signals they find there into their trading models. Central risk is classified as an “internal trading desk” and as such it can often bypass rigorous model validation and control processes. Ultimately, the danger is that central risk desks will reverse engineer clients’ transaction information and use it to trade against them. Needless to say, clients have no idea that this is going on.

It’s time both banks and regulators wake up to the dangers. For the sake of stability and transparency in financial markets, central risk books need to be very heavily regulated. Central risk desks are supposed to be about risk internalization and monitoring and as such they don’t need traders and trading “strategists”. The more traders and “strategists” they employ, the greater the likelihood that these desks will simply become a foil for prop trading and the inappropriate use of client data. You have been warned.

Seb Palowski is a pseudonym

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Two senior equities traders exit SocGen in New York

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Two longtime Société Générale traders have left the bank. Olivier Blaise, SocGen’s head of volatility trading stocks and ETFs, and Benjamin Messas, head of exotic equity trading in the Americas, each exited in May, according to FINRA records. SocGen didn’t comment on the nature of their departures.

Both Blaise and Messas are SocGen lifers – literally. Messas has been working at the French bank since 2005, directly after earning his Master’s in Finance from Panthéon-Assas University in Paris. He has spent his entire career working for SocGen in New York, according to LinkedIn. Blaise, a managing director who has held a number of equity derivative roles, has been with the bank since 2000 after earning his own Master’s in Finance from École Centrale Paris. Neither has yet called another bank home.

The news comes just two days after Société Générale said that it will buy Commerzbank’s equity markets and commodities business as the German bank continues its restructuring. The departures are understood to be unrelated to this deal.

SocGen also lost its most senior credit trader in June. Laurent Henrio, global head of credit trading at the French bank, resigned last month and is said to be joining the buy-side, insiders told us at the time.

SocGen has been lightly trimming staff within its corporate and investment bank after promising “strict control on costs” during its first quarter earnings report. The bank had noted at the end of last year that it planned to expand in select areas, including in rates, FX and corporate equity derivatives trading.


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Ex-Barclays trader just got a big promotion at Morgan Stanley

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Remember Alok Modi? He’s the Barclays trader who cunningly quit the British bank for Morgan Stanley in late 2013, just before Barclays began trimming its fixed income trading business. He’s just received another big promotion.

Insiders say Modi is moving to Singapore, where he will become head of macro trading for Morgan Stanley’s APAC business.

Modi joined Morgan Stanley in 2014 as head of government bond and CDS trading for Europe. In January 2015, he was promoted to managing director. Three years later, he’s now been promoted again – and been transferred to the other side of the world.

Modi’s move to Singapore with Morgan Stanley comes as banks like Goldman Sachs need to rebuild their London macro trading businesses following various exits earlier this year. It also follows Goldman’s addition of Hamza Hoummady the former head of European rates and options trading at Barclays, as an MD level strat at Goldman Sachs. Hedge funds Citadel, Balyasny and Eisler Capital are also building rates trading teams in London: someone like Modi is in demand.

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Crazy intern hours at Goldman? Actually, I left by 9pm and never worked weekends

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Internships are now in full swing, so let me tell you about my stint as a summer analyst at Goldman Sachs in Singapore back in 2017. You may want to draw comparisons with the bank you’re at now, or you may want to find out what’s in store if you’re one of the 2% to 3% of applicants who secure internships with GS in SG.

First up, Goldman being Goldman, I must have worked crazy hours, right? Actually, no. I usually started at 9am and finished between 9pm and 10pm. Goldman is trying to show that it’s serious about managing intern working hours in Singapore. Every day my fellow interns and I had to enter our hours into an HR system, and the HR team would alert our managers if they spotted us clocking 80-hour weeks.

Moreover, I never worked on a Saturday or Sunday during my Goldman internship, and there was never any pressure to do so. On the rare occasions I had extra work on, I just stayed late on a weekday evening. I may have had manageable hours because I had an equities-related job in the securities division rather than a role in IBD – there’s only so much you can do when the markets aren’t open.

But I think there was a more important reason. As an intern, if you’re always working past midnight and coming in on Sundays, it shows you’re not good at prioritising projects and managing your time. This is a bad thing.

In Singapore at least, time management is one of the rubrics that Goldman uses to assess interns. It’s not just about doing an excellent job; it’s about doing an excellent job within a certain timeframe and being able to prioritise your workload to achieve your main goals. This is what it takes to prove that you are ‘Goldman material’.

Other than having decent (but still challenging) hours, I found that I was landed with ‘real work’ during my internship. I learned about different equities products – from vanilla ones to derivatives – via working on trade execution and liaising with the front-office, the strats team, and our clients. There was no hiding out just in my department.

Singapore is far from being Goldman’s largest office and (perhaps as a result) I had ample contact with senior people across the firm here – VPs, directors, MDs, and even (once) the country head. I found the structure to be non-hierarchical and nobody appeared bothered by me asking them work or career-focused questions that weren’t related to my day job as an intern.

The biggest (and most pleasant) surprise I had during the internship was how all the interns got along with one another. I was initially expecting quite a toxic environment, with everyone competing for return offers and trying to impress the senior people. But it was actually quite collaborative and chilled out.

This may be a Singapore thing. Goldman only hires about 25 to 30 interns in total each summer here and most of them are deployed in separate teams, meaning that you don’t go head to head against each other. It’s probably different in larger offices, like New York and London, where a single team might have several interns.

This summer, I’m interning at a European bank up in Hong Kong and by comparison I think Goldman pumps more resources into its interns. For example, I had better access to business intelligence tools like Bloomberg Terminals at GS than I do now.

In summary, there’s a lot of support for interns at Goldman but making a success of your summer ultimately boils down to how you take advantage of this support. My key advice if you want to intern there is to look for problems to solve. Everyone at Goldman seems to run toward problems – you should to.

Josie Lei (not her real name) is a student at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore who’s currently working as a summer analyst in Hong Kong.

Image credit:  RoBeDeRo, Getty

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